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The Second Battle of Kiev describes three strategic operations (two offensive and one defensive) by the Soviet Red Army, and one operational counterattack by the ''Wehrmacht'' which took place in the wake of the failed German offensive at Kursk during World War II. These four operations took place between 3 October and 22 December 1943. ==Overview== The Red Army launched their first summer offensive of the war, pushing Erich von Manstein's battered Army Group South back towards the Dnieper River. There, Manstein intended to rest and refit his troops, but that was not to be. Stavka, the Soviet high command, ordered the Central Front and the Voronezh Front to force crossings of the Dnieper before the Germans could recover. When this was unsuccessful in October, the effort was handed over to the 1st Ukrainian Front, with some support from the 2nd Ukrainian Front. The 1st Ukrainian Front, commanded by Nikolai Vatutin, was able to secure bridgeheads north and south of Kiev. His opponent would be the veteran 4th Panzer Army, commanded by Hermann Hoth. The structure of the strategic operations from the Soviet planning point of view was: *Kiev Strategic Offensive Operation (October) (1–24 October 1943) by the Central and Voronezh Fronts * *Chernobyl-Radomysl Offensive Operation (1–4 October 1943) * *Chernobyl-Gornostaipol Defensive Operation (3–8 October 1943) * *Lyutezh Offensive Operation (11–24 October 1943) * *Bukrin Offensive Operation (12–15 October 1943) * *Bukrin Offensive Operation (21–24 October 1943) *Kiev Strategic Offensive Operation (November) (3–13 November 1943) * *Rauss' November 1943 counterattack *Kiev Strategic Defensive Operation (1943) (13 November 1943–22 December 1943) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of Kiev (1943)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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